They were inadequate in 1991 and they are inadequate in 2024.
An abstract of a 1991 article in Family Law Quarterly entitled “Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse in Custody Disputes: Getting to the Truth of the Matter” appears in the U.S. Department of Justice National Criminal Justice Reference Service. The annotated reference in NCJRS virtual library is a message that is blunt but sadly still ignored some 33 years later.
Annotation
A child who is sexually abused by a parent may be the most vulnerable of all victims, and the legal system’s mechanisms for protecting children from intrafamily sexual abuse are inadequate.
Abstract
When parties litigate a child custody dispute and an allegation of child sexual abuse is raised, the burden of proof is on the accuser. Because intrafamily child sexual abuse is so difficult to prove, many investigations result in unsubstantiated findings. Many separated or divorced mothers cannot be confident that reporting is the best way to protect her child, given the existing legal system. Some mothers hide their children out of desperation and frustration rather than comply with the court order for a transfer of custody or extended, unsupervised visitation. In the context of a custody dispute with unsubstantiated allegations, there is a tendency to suspect that the person who raised the allegations, usually the mother, deliberately made a false accusation in a vengeful attack against her husband. The controversy is compounded by reports of some psychologists and psychiatrists who claim that allegations of child sexual abuse in custody disputes are likely to be false. Family court judges need training to increase their awareness of intrafamily sexual abuse and enhance their ability to elicit and evaluate evidence. In addition, judges should read pertinent current materials, not only from the legal field, but also from the disciplines of psychology and sociology. Judges who inform themselves of the politics of child sexual abuse will be better able to evaluate arguments. Additional recommendations focus on therapy and supervised visitation. 139 footnotes
Here’s something else fucked up to think about: Mothers’ claims of abuse, especially child physical or sexual abuse, increase their risk of losing custody, and fathers’ cross-claims of alienation virtually double that risk. https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2712&context=faculty_publications.
Some depressing statistics: In 2020 there were reports of 617,000 children abused nationally, with younger kids being abused the most. Allegations of abuse are present in some 13% of child custody cases. “In a study conducted of 468 custody proceeding cases in which there were credited allegations of abuse, 13% of them gave custody to the alleged abuser.” https://ballardbrief.byu.edu/issue-briefs/lack-of-child-protection-in-us-custody-proceedings-involving-allegations-of-abuse
But before we travel the sad road back to family court, consider the case of Sean MacMaster and his stepfather Larry Erlin Orr. MacMaster and the mother of his young daughter divorced. MacMaster left his position as a police officer with Detroit PD (circumstances behind the parting unclear) and took a position as a school resource officer in Duval County, Florida. He would fly to Michigan every other weekend for visitation at his mother and stepfather’s home in Oxford. Because Orr is a registered sex offender for sex crimes committed against a 15-year-old disabled girl (in a wheelchair and unable to speak) he was treating when he was a physical therapy assistant in 2010, the divorce decree specifically provided that the child would never be left alone with Larry Orr or his wife Barbara Orr.
(*Longtime readers of this blog and readers of The Snow Killings by Marney Keenan will recognize the name Orr as an alias used by convicted pedophile Ted Lamborgine, who sometimes went by the name Ted Orr. To my knowledge, no one has ever been able to connect Lamborgine to anyone by the name of Orr or understands why he used this alias.)
The girl, age four, made credible disclosures about possible sexual abuse occurring at the Oxford home and named her father and later Larry Orr as the perpetrators. The girl’s mother contacted Child Protective Services and then (sadly) the Oakland County Sheriff’s Office. This sets the stage for things going from bad to worse. Oxford resident and then Oakland County Undersheriff Mike McCabe would take a keen and long-lasting interest in this case. After all, a fellow officer was in hot water on what must surely be false claims of child abuse in a divorce situation.
The OCS investigates, interviews of the child ensue at CARE House, and the Oakland County Prosecutor (then Jessica Cooper) declines to prosecute. The child continues to describe abuse and begins to open up more about what is going on. But Oakland County is done with this file.
Criminal defense attorney Shannon Smith will later describe the child as having been coached by the mother. File documents do not support this assertion.
To be continued. So depressing.